2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-170872
    PT-129
    PT-129 is an RPOTAC degrader targeting the NTF2 domain (protein-RNA interaction site) of G3BP1/2, which mediates the disassembly of intracellular stress granules. PT-129 can inhibit the formation of stress granules in stressed cells and disassemble existing stress granules, and can disrupt the transmission of ATF4, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less cytoplasmic compartments formed under stress stimuli. SGs promote the transmission of ATF4 from fibroblasts to tumor cells through a migratory effect, mediating fibroblast-related tumor growth. And G3BP1/2 is a central protein of the SGs network, and the inhibition of G3BP1/2 may reduce the stress resistance of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. PT-129 is composed of a target protein ligand (red part) G3BP1/2-Targeting ligand-1 (HY-170873), an E3 ligase ligand (blue part) Thalidomide 4-fluoride (HY-41547), and a PROTAC linker (black part) Amino-PEG3-C2-acid (HY-W040165); among them, the E3 ligase ligand + linker form a complex Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-propionic acid (HY-136166).
    PT-129
  • HY-N1584C
    Halofuginone lactate
    		Inhibitor 98.32%
    Halofuginone lactate, a Febrifugine derivative, is a competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone lactate is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity. Halofuginone lactate is also a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking voltage-gated, receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Halofuginone lactate has anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects.
    Halofuginone lactate
  • HY-138608
    5'-O-DMT-rI
    		99.17%
    5'-O-DMT-Ri can be used in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.
    5'-O-DMT-rI
  • HY-W008598
    2-Bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone
    		Inhibitor
    2-Bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone is a photoinduced DNA cleaving agent that serves as a precursor for fluoro-substituted phenyl radicals, generating highly reactive radicals upon illumination to mediate DNA strand breakage.
    2-Bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone
  • HY-E70094
    T4 UvsX Recombinase
    T4 UvsX Recombinase helps initiate DNA replication on a double-stranded DNA template by catalyzing synapsis between the template and a homologous DNA single strand that serves as primer. T4 UvsX Recombinase greatly amplifies the snap-back (hairpin-primed) DNA synthesis that is catalyzed by the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme on linear, single-stranded DNA templates.
    T4 UvsX Recombinase
  • HY-108858
    Dornase alfa
    Dornase alfa (rhDNase) is a recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) that can specifically degrade extracellular DNA. Dornase alfa catalyzes the cleavage of DNA released by neutrophils in respiratory mucus, reduces sputum viscosity, thereby improving mucus clearance efficiency, reducing airway obstruction and alleviating inflammatory responses. Dornase alfa can be used to improve lung function (such as FEV_1) in cystic fibrosis (CF), reduce the risk of acute pulmonary exacerbations, and has good in vivo tolerability. Dornase alfa acts locally on the respiratory tract through aerosol inhalation, specifically improving the high viscosity of mucus caused by DNA accumulation and related respiratory symptoms.
    Dornase alfa
  • HY-W008091S
    5-Methylcytosine-d4
    		99.23%
    5-Methylcytosine-d4 is the deuterium labeled 5-Methylcytosine. 5-Methylcytosine is a well-characterized DNA modification, and is also predominantly in abundant non-coding RNAs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 5-Methylcytosine in mRNA is a new epitranscriptome marker inArabidopsis, and that regulation of this modification is an integral part of gene regulatory networks underlying plant development.
    5-Methylcytosine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-158970
    Caf1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    Caf1-IN-1 (Compound 8j) is inhibitor for ribonuclease Caf1 with an IC50 of 0.59 µM. Caf1-IN-1 is also a weak inhibitor for poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) with IC50 of 23.9 µM.
    Caf1-IN-1
  • HY-W004056
    4-Methoxyphenethyl alcohol
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    4-Methoxyphenethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, is the major component in the anise-like odour produced by Amorphophallus. 4-Methoxyphenethyl alcohol can inhibits the protein, RNA and DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli.
    4-Methoxyphenethyl alcohol
  • HY-W779017
    Thymidine-13C5
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Thymidine-13C5 (DThyd-13C5; NSC 21548-13C5) is 13C-labeled Thymidine (HY-N1150).
    Thymidine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-151224
    Thermospermine
    		Activator 99.90%
    Thermospermine, a structural isomer of Spermine, is synthesized by a thermospermine synthase designated ACAULIS5 (ACL5). Thermospermine suppresses auxin-inducible xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Thermospermine
  • HY-171421
    Polθ-IN-8
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Polθ-IN-8 (example 77) is a DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) inhibitor with an c of <100 nM for Polθ ATPase activity. Polθ-IN-8 can be used to study diseases related to Polθ activity (such as cancer).
    Polθ-IN-8
  • HY-B1777AS
    Spermine-d8 tetrahydrochloride
    Spermine-d8 (tetrahydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Spermine tetrahydrochloride. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.
    Spermine-d<sub>8</sub> tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-13624AR
    Epirubicin hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Epirubicin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Epirubicin (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Epirubicin hydrochloride (4'-Epidoxorubicin hydrochloride), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, has an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin hydrochloride inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Epirubicin hydrochloride is a Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) inhibitor and inhibits regulatory T cell activity.
    Epirubicin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-W008821
    1,7-Heptanediamine
    		Inhibitor 98.54%
    1,7-Heptanediamine (C7) is a deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor with IC50 value of 4.5 μM.
    1,7-Heptanediamine
  • HY-B0268
    Enoxacin
    		Inhibitor 98.67%
    Enoxacin (AT 2266), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50=126 µg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50=26.5 µg/ml). Enoxacin is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing.
    Enoxacin
  • HY-W077279
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-dC
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-dC (N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine, compound 7), a deoxynucleoside, can be used to synthesize of dodecyl phosphoramidite which is the raw material for dod‐DNA (amphiphilic DNA containing an internal hydrophobic region consisting of dodecyl phosphotriester linkages) synthesis.
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-dC
  • HY-43060
    5'-DMT-3'-TBDMS-ibu-rG
    		99.46%
    5'-DMT-3'-TBDMS-ibu-rG is is a modified nucleoside. 5'-DMT-3'-TBDMS-ibu-rG can be used in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
    5'-DMT-3'-TBDMS-ibu-rG
  • HY-126214S
    JH-RE-06-d6
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    JH-RE-06-d6 is deuterium labele JH-RE-06. JH-RE-06, a potent REV1-REV7 interface inhibitor (IC50=0.78 μM; Ki=0.42 μM), targets REV1 that interacts with the REV7 subunit of POLζ. JH-RE-06 disrupts mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) by preventing recruitment of mutagenic POLζ. JH-RE-06 improves chemotherapy.
    JH-RE-06-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-131796
    3'-CMP
    		99.31%
    3'-CMP (Cytidine 3'-monophosphate) is a ribonucleotide. 3'-CMP is produced by cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate hydrolysis by RNase and can be dephosphorylated to cytidine by 3'-nucleotidase (HY-B0158).
    3'-CMP
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity